4215 West Kennerly Avenue

Established in 1925, the Charles Henry Turner Open Air School was the first institution in St. Louis dedicated to educating African American children with disabilities. Named after pioneering Black scientist and educator Charles Henry Turner, the school emphasized fresh-air therapy and accessibility, reflecting progressive educational and healthcare philosophies of its time.

The Charles Henry Turner Open Air School, located at 4235 Kennerly Avenue in St. Louis, was founded in 1925 as the first school in the city specifically designed for African American children with physical disabilities. Named in honor of Charles Henry Turner (1867–1923), a groundbreaking African American zoologist and educator known for his studies on insect behavior and his tenure at Sumner High School, the school embodied his commitment to education and scientific inquiry.

Architecturally, the school was designed with accessibility in mind, featuring ramps instead of stairs to accommodate students with mobility challenges. The "open air" concept was based on the belief that fresh air was beneficial for children suffering from ailments like tuberculosis, which was prevalent at the time. This design philosophy was part of a broader movement in the early 20th century that combined educational and health-related approaches for children with special needs.

Over the years, the institution evolved, reflecting changes in educational practices and societal attitudes toward disability and integration. It eventually became part of the St. Louis Public Schools system as the Turner Middle Branch School, continuing its legacy of serving the community's educational needs.